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POPES, LIST OF
In 1947 A. Mercati published a completely revised list of the popes in the Annuario Pontificio for that year. The present list, taken from Annuario Pontificio for 1964, reproduces Mercati's list with the minor changes that have been made necessary by subsequent scholarly investigation. The names in square brackets are those of antipopes. Roman numerals in parentheses indicate differences in numbering caused by the conflicting evidence of the sources. In the case of precise dates, the first month and day given is the date of the pope's election, the second date, that of his coronation, and the last date, that of his death, deposition, or resignation.
In the New Catholic Encyclopedia there is a separate article on each pope and on each of the more important antipopes )especially those who were popes in the period of the Great Schism and who were only subsequently classified as antipopes.
Antipopes who have not been given separate articles are treated under the legitimate popes with whom they were in conflict. Biographical data, family name, and nationality, problems of dates of election and coronation, and all other pertinent questions are covered in the articles on the individual popes.
For a critical evaluation of the ancient and early medieval lists of popes, see bibliog., especially Duchesne and Leclercq.
St. Peter, . . . 67
St. Linus, 67 -- 76
St. Anacletus (Cletus), 76 -- 88
St. Clement I, 88 -- 97
St. Evaristus, 97 -- 105
St. Alexander I, 105 -- 115
St. Sixtus I, 115 -- 125
St. Telesphorus, 125 -- 136
St. Hyginus, 136 -- 140
St. Pius I, 140 -- 155
St. Anicetus, 155 -- 166
St. Soter, 166 -- 175
St. Eleutherius, 175 -- 189
St. Victor I, 189 -- 199
St. Zephyrinus, 199 -- 217
St. Callistus I, 217 -- 222
[St. Hippolytus, 217 -- 235]
St. Urban I, 222 -- 230
St. Pontianus, July 21, 230 -- Sept. 28, 235
St. Anterus, Nov. 21, 235 -- Jan. 3, 236
St. Fabian, Jan. 10, 236 -- Jan. 20, 250
St. Cornelius, March 251 -- June 253
[Novatian, 251]
St. Lucius I, June 25, 253 -- March 5, 254
St. Stephen I, May 12, 254 -- Aug. 2, 257
St. Sixtus II, Aug. 30, 257 -- Aug. 6, 258
St. Dionysius, July 22, 259 -- Dec. 26, 268
St. Felix I, Jan. 5, 269 -- Dec. 30, 274
St. Eutychian, Jan. 4, 275 -- Dec. 7, 283
St. Gaius (Caius), Dec. 17, 283 -- April 22, 296
St. Marcellinus, June 30, 296 -- Oct. 25, 304
St. Marcellus I, May 27, 308 -- Jan. 16, 309
St. Eusebius, April 18, 309 -- Aug. 17, 309
St. Miltiades, July 2, 311 -- Jan. 11, 314
(The following is against the teaching of Sacred Scripture)
325-Council of Nicea: decreed that after ordination a priest could not marry.
St. Silvester I, Jan. 31, 314 -- Dec. 31, 335
St. Mark, Jan. 18, 336 -- Oct. 7, 336
St. Julius I, Feb. 6, 337 -- April 12, 352
Liberius, May 17, 352 -- Sept. 24, 366
[Felix II, . . . 355 -- Nov. 22, 365]
St. Damasus I, Oct. 1, 366 -- Dec. 11, 384
[Ursinus, 366-367]
St. Siricius, Dec. 15, 22, or 29, 384 -- Nov. 26, 399
St. Anastasius I, Nov. 27, 399 -- Dec. 19, 401
St. Innocent I, Dec. 22, 401 -- March 12, 417
St. Zosimus, March 18, 417 -- Dec. 26, 418
St. Boniface I, Dec. 28 or 29, 418 -- Sept. 4, 422
[Eulalius, Dec. 27 or 29, 418 -- 419]
St. Celestine I, Sept. 10, 422 -- July 27, 432
St. Sixtus III, July 31, 432 -- Aug. 19, 440
St. Leo I, Sept. 29, 440 -- Nov. 10, 461
St. Hilary, Nov. 19, 461 -- Feb. 29, 468
St. Simplicius, March 3, 468 -- March 10, 483
St. Felix III (II), March 13, 483 -- March 1, 492
St. Gelasius 1, March 1, 492 -- Nov. 21, 496
Anastasius II, Nov. 24, 496 -- Nov. 19, 498
St. Symmachus, Nov. 22, 498 -- July 19, 514
[Lawrence, 498; 501 -- 505]
St. Hormisdas, July 20, 514 -- Aug. 6, 523
St. John I, Aug. 13, 523 -- May 18, 526
St. Felix IV (III), July 12, 526 -- Sept. 22, 530
Boniface II, Sept. 22, 530 -- Oct. 17, 532
[Dioscorus, Sept. 22, 530 -- Oct. 14, 530]
John II, Jan. 2, 533 -- May 8, 535
St. Agapitus I, May 13, 535 -- April 22, 536
St. Silverius, June 1, 536-Nov. 11, 537
Vigilius, March 29, 537 -- June 7, 555
Pelagius I, April 16, 556-March 4, 561
John III, July 17, 561 -- July 13, 574
Benedict I, June 2, 575 -- July 30, 579
Pelagius II, Nov. 26, 579 -- Feb. 7, 590
St. Gregory I, Sept. 3, 590 -- March 12, 604
Sabinian, Sept. 13, 604-Feb. 22, 606
Boniface III, Feb. 19, 607 -- Nov. 12, 607
St. Boniface IV, Aug. 25, 608 -- May 8, 615
St. Deusdedit I, Oct. 19, 615 -- Nov. 8, 618
Boniface V, Dec. 23, 619 -- Oct. 25, 625
Honorius I, Oct. 27, 625 -- Oct. 12, 638 (condemned as a heretic
and was posthumously excommunicated)
Severinus, May 28, MO -- Aug. 2, 640
John IV, Dec. 24, 640 -- Oct. 12, 642
Theodore I, Nov. 24, 642 -- May 14, 649
St. Martin I, . . . July 649 -- Sept. 16, 655
St. Eugene I, Aug. 10, 654 -- June 2, 657
St. Vitalian, July 30, 657 -- Jan. 27, 672
Deusdedit II, April 11, 672 -- June 17, 676
Donus, Nov. 2, 676 -- April 11, 678
St. Agatho, June 27, 678 -- Jan. 10, 681
St. Leo II, Aug. 17, 682 -- July 3, 683
St. Benedict II, June 26, 684 -- May 8, 685
John V, July 23, 685 -- Aug. 2, 686
Conon, Oct. 21, 686-Sept. 21, 687
[Theodore, . . . 687]
[Paschal, . . . 687]
St. Sergius I, Dec. 15, 687 -- Sept. 8, 701
John VI, Oct. 30, 701 -- Jan. 11, 705
John VII, March 1, 705 -- Oct. 18, 707
Sisinnius, Jan. 15, 708 -- Feb. 4, 708
Constantine, March 25, 708 -- April 9, 715
St. Gregory II, May 19, 715 -- Feb. 11, 731
St. Gregory III, Mar. 18, 731 -- Nov. 741
St. Zachary, Dec. 10, 741 -- March 22, 752
Stephen, March 22(23?) -- 26(25?), 752
Stephen 11(111), March 26, 752 -- April 26, 757
St. Paul I, ... April, May 29, 757 -- June 28, 767
[Constantine, June 28, July 5, 767 -- 769]
[Philip, July 31, 768]
Stephen III (IV), Aug. 1, Aug. 7, 768 -- Jan. 24, 772
Adrian I. Feb. 1, Feb. 9, 772 -- Dec. 25, 795
St. Leo III, Dec. 26, Dec. 27, 795 -- June 12, 816
Stephen IV (V), June 22, 816-Jan. 24, 817
St. Paschal I, Jan. 25, 817 -- Feb. 11, 824
Eugene II, . . . Feb. -- May 824- . . . Aug. 827
Valentine, ... Aug. 827 -- ... Sept. 827
Gregory IV, . . . 827 -- . . . Jan. 844
[John, . . . Jan. 844]
Sergius II, . . . Jan. 844 -- Jan. 27, 847
St. Leo IV, .. . Jan., April 10, 847 -- July 17, 855
Benedict III, . . . July, Sept. 29, 855 -- April 17, 858
[Anastasius, . . . Aug. 855 -- . . . Sept. 855]
St. Nicholas I, April 24, 858 -- Nov. 13, 867
Adrian II, Dec. 14, 867 -- Dec. 14, 872
John VIII, Dec. 14, 872 -- Dec. 16, 882
Marinus I, Dec. 16, 882 -- May 15, 884
St. Adrian III, May 17, 884-- . . . Sept. 885
Stephen V (VI), . . . Sept. 885 -- Sept. 14, 891
Formosus, Oct. 6, 891 -- April 4, 896
Boniface VI, . . . April 896- . . . April 896
Stephen VI (VII), . . . May 896-. . . Aug. 897
Romanus, . . . Aug. 897 -- .. . Nov. 897
Theodore II, . . . Dec. 897 -- . . . Dec. 897
John IX, .. . Jan. 898 -- . . . Jan. 900
Benedict IV, . . . Jan. or Feb. 900 -- . . . July 903
Leo V, . . . July 903 -- . . . Sept. 903
[Christopher, ... July or... Sept. 903 -- . . . Jan. 904]
Sergius III, Jan. 29, 904 -- April 14, 911
Anastasius III, . . . April 911 -- . .. June 913
Lando, . . . July 913 -- . .. Feb. 914
John X, . . . March 914- . . . May 928
Leo VI, . . . May 928 -- . . . Dec. 928
Stephen VII (VIII), . . . Dec. 928 -- . . . Feb. 931
John XI, . . . Feb. or March 931 -- . . . Dec. 935
Leo VII, Jan. 3, 936-July 13, 939
Stephen VIII (IX), July 14, 939 -- . . . Oct. 942
Marinus II, Oct. 30, 942 -- . . . May 946
Agapetus II, May 10, 946- . .. Dec. 955
John XII, Dec. 16, 955 -- May 14, 964
Leo VIII, Dec. 4, Dec. 6, 963 -- March 1, 965
Benedict V, May 22, 964-July 4, 966
John XIII, Oct. 1, 965 -- Sept. 6, 972
Benedict VI, Jan. 19, 973 -- . . . June 974
[Boniface VII,... June 974 -- July 974; then Aug. 984-July 985]
Benedict VII, . . . Oct. 974-July 10, 983
John XIV, . . . Dec. 983 -- Aug. 20, 984
John XV, . . . Aug. 985 -- . . . March 996
Gregory V, May 3, 996-Feb. 18, 999
[John XVI, . . . April 997 -- . . . Feb. 998]
Silvester II, April 2, 999 -- May 12, 1003
John XVII, . . . June 1003 -- . . . Dec. 1003
John XVIII, . . . Jan. 1004-... July 1009
Sergius IV, July 31, 1009 -- May 12, 1012
Benedict VIII, May 18, 1012 -- April 9,1024
[Gregory, . . . 1012]
John XIX, . . . April or May 1024-... 1032
Benedict IX, . . . 1032 -- . . . 1044
Silvester III, Jan. 20, 1045 -- Feb. 10, 1045
Benedict IX, April 10, 1045 -- May 1, 1045
Gregory VI, May 5,1045 -- Dec. 20, 1046
Clement II, Dec. 24, Dec. 25, 1046-Oct. 9,1047
Benedict IX, Nov. 8, 1047 -- July 17, 1048
Damasus II, July 17, 1048 -- Aug. 9, 1048
St. Leo IX, Feb. 12, 1049 -- April 19, 1054
Victor II, April 16, 1055 -- July 28, 1057
Stephen IX (X), Aug. 3, 1057 -- March 29, 1058
[Benedict X, April 5, 1058 -- Jan. 24, 1059]
Nicholas II, Jan. 24, 1059 -- July 27, 1061
Alexander II, Oct. 1, 1061 -- April 21, 1073
[Honorius II, Oct. 28, 1061 -- . .. 1072]
St. Gregory VII, April 22, June 30, 1073 -- May 25, 1085
[Clement III, June 26, 1080; March 24, 1084-Sept. 8, 1101]
Bl. Victor III, May 24, 1086 -- Sept. 16, 1087
Bl. Urban II, March 12, 1088 -- July 29, 1099
Paschal II, Aug. 13, Aug. 14,1099 -- Jan. 21, 1118
[Theodoric, ... 1100]
[Albert, . .. 1102]
[Silvester IV, Nov. 18, 1105 -- . . . 1111]
Gelasius II, Jan. 24, March 10, 1118 -- Jan. 28, 1119
[Gregory VIII, March 8, 1118 -- . . . 1121]
Callistus II, Feb. 2, Feb. 9, 1119 -- Dec. 13, 1124
(Against Biblical Teachings) The First Lateran Council (1123), a General Council, adopted the following canons:
Canon 3: We absolutely forbid priests, deacons, and subdeacons to associate with concubines and women, or to live with women other than such as the Nicene Council (canon 3) for reasons of necessity permitted, namely, the mother, sister, or aunt, or any such person concerning whom no suspicion could arise.
Canon 21: We absolutely forbid priests, deacons, subdeacons, and monks to have concubines or to contract marriage. We decree in accordance with the definitions of the sacred canons, that marriages already contracted by such persons must be dissolved, and that the persons be condemned to do penance.[43]
Honorius II, Dec. 15, Dec. 21, 1124-Feb. 13, 1130
[Celestine II, . . . Dec. 1124]
Innocent LI, Feb. 14, Feb. 23, 1130 -- Jan. 25, 1143
[Anacletus II, Feb. 14, Feb. 23, 1130 -- Jan. 25, 1138]
[Victor IV, . . . March 1138 -- May 29, 1138]
Celestine LI, Sept. 26, Oct. 3, 1143 -- March 8, 1144
Lucius II, March 12, 1144 -- Feb. 15, 1145
Bl. Eugene III, Feb. 15, Feb. 18, 1145 -- July 8,1153
Anastasius IV, July 12, 1153 -- Dec. 3, 1154
Adrian IV, Dec. 4, Dec. 5, 1154 -- Sept. 1, 1159
Alexander III, Sept. 7, Sept. 20, 1159 -- Aug. 30, 1181
[Victor IV, Sept. 7, Oct. 4, 1159 -- April 20, 1164]
[Paschal III, April 22, April 26, 1164 -- Sept. 20, 1168]
[Callistus III, ... Sept. 1168 -- Aug. 29, 1178]
[Innocent III, Sept. 29, 1179 -- . . . 1180]
Lucius III, Sept. 1, Sept. 6, 1181 -- Sept. 25, 1185
Urban III, Nov. 25, Dec. 1, 1185 -- Oct. 20, 1187
Gregory VIII, Oct. 21, Oct. 25, 1187 -- Dec. 17, 1187
Clement III, Dec. 19, Dec. 20, 1187 -- . . . March 1191
Celestine III, March 30, April 14, 1191 -- Jan. 8, 1198
Innocent III, Jan. 8, Feb. 22, 1198 -- July 16, 1216
Honorius III, July 18, July 24, 1216 -- March 18, 1227
Gregory IX, March 19, March 21, 1227 -- Aug. 22, 1241
Celestine IV, Oct. 25, Oct. 28, 1241 -- Nov. 10, 1241
Innocent IV, June 25, June 28, 1243 -- Dec. 7, 1254
Alexander IV, Dec. 12, Dec. 20, 1254 -- May 25, 1261
Urban IV, Aug. 29, Sept. 4, 1261 -- Oct. 2, 1264
Clement IV, Feb. 5, Feb. 15, 1265 -- Nov. 29, 1268
Bl. Gregory X, Sept. 1, 1271, March 27, 1272 -- Jan. 10, 1276
BI. Innocent V, Jan. 21, Feb. 22, 1276 -- June 22, 1276
Adrian V, July 11, 1276 -- Aug. 18, 1276
John XXI, Sept. 8, Sept. 20, 1276 -- May 20, 1277
Nicholas III, Nov. 25, Dec. 26, 1277 -- Aug. 22, 1280
Martin IV, Feb. 22, March 23, 1281 -- March 28, 1285
Honorius IV, April 2, May 20, 1285 -- April 3, 1287
Nicholas IV, Feb. 22, 1288 -- April 4,1292
St. Celestine V, July 5, Aug. 29, 1294 -- Dec. 13, 1294
Boniface VIII, Dec. 24, 1294, Jan. 23, 1295 -- Oct. 11, 1303
Bl. Benedict XI, Oct. 22, Oct. 27, 1303 -- July 7,1304
Clement V, June 5, Nov. 14, 1305 -- April 20, 1314
John XXII, Aug. 7, Sept. 5, 1316 -- Dec. 4, 1334
[Nicholas V, May 12, May 22, 1328 -- Aug. 25, 1330]
Benedict XII, Dec. 20, 1334, Jan. 8, 1335 -- April 25, 1342
Benedict XII, Dec. 20, 1334, Jan. 8, 1335 -- April 25, 1342
Clement VI, May 7, May 19, 1342 -- Dec. 6, 1352 (Plague)
Innocent VI, Dec. 18, Dec. 30, 1352 -- Sept. 12, 1362
Bl. Urban V, Sept. 28, Nov. 6, 1362 -- Dec. 19, 1370
Gregory XI, Dec. 30, 1370, Jan. 5, 1371 -- March 26, 1378
Urban VI, April 8, April 18, 1378 -- Oct. 15, 1389
Boniface IX, Nov. 2, Nov. 9, 1389 -- Oct. 1, 1404
Innocent VII, Oct. 17, Nov. 11, 1404 -- Nov. 6, 1406
Gregory XII, Nov. 30, Dec. 19, 1406 -- July 4, 1415
[Clement VII, Sept. 20, Oct. 31, 1378 -- Sept. 16, 1394]
[Benedict XIII, Sept. 28, Oct. 11, 1394 -- May 23, 1423]
[Alexander V, June 26, July 7, 1409 -- May 3,1410]
[John XXIII, May 17, May 25, 1410 -- May 29, 1415]
Martin V, Nov. 11, Nov. 21, 1417 -- Feb. 20, 1431
Eugene IV, March 3, March 11, 1431 -- Feb. 23, 1447
[Felix V, Nov. 5, 1439, July 24, 1440 -- April 7, 1449]
Nicholas V, March 6, March 19, 1447 -- March 24, 1455
Callistus III, April 8, April 20, 1455 -- Aug. 6, 1458
Pius II, Aug. 19, Sept. 3, 1458 -- Aug. 15, 1464
Paul II, Aug. 30, Sept. 16, 1464 -- July 26, 1471
Sixtus IV, Aug. 9, Aug. 25, 1471 -- Aug. 12, 1484
Innocent VIII, Aug. 29, Sept. 12, 1484 -- July 25, 1492
Alexander VI, Aug. 11, Aug. 26, 1492 -- Aug. 18, 1503
Alexander VI, Aug. 11, Aug. 26, 1492 -- Aug. 18, 1503
Pius III, Sept, 22, Oct. 1, Oct. 8,1503 -- Oct. 18, 1503
Pius III, Sept, 22, Oct. 1, Oct. 8,1503 -- Oct. 18, 1503
Julius II, Oct. 31, Nov. 26, 1503 -- Feb. 21, 1513
homosexual nude art by Michelangelo in Sistine Chapel
Leo X, March 9, March 19, 1513 -- Dec. 1, 1521
Adrian VI, Jan. 9, Aug. 31, 1522 -- Sept. 14, 1523
Clement VII, Nov. 19, Nov. 26, 1523 -- Sept. 25, 1534
Paul Ill, Oct. 13, Nov. 3,1534 -- Nov. 10, 1549
Julius III, Feb. 7, Feb. 22, 1550 -- March 23, 1555
Marcellus II, April, April 10, 1555 -- May 1,1555
Paul IV, May 23, May 26, 1555 -- Aug. 18, 1559
Pius IV, Dec. 25, 1559, Jan. 6, 1560 -- Dec. 9, 1565
St. Pius V, Jan. 7, Jan. 17, 1566 -- May 1,1572
beatified by Clement X in 1672; canonized by Clement XI in 1712
Gregory XIII, May 13, May 25, 1572 -- April 10, 1585
Sixtus V, April 24, May 1, 1585 -- Aug. 27, 1590
Obelisk (phallic symbol) placed in front of Saint Peter's Basilica in 1586
Urban VII, Sept. 15, 1590 -- Sept. 27, 1590
Gregory XIV, Dec. 5, Dec. 8,1590 -- Oct. 16, 1591
Innocent IX, Oct. 29, Nov. 3, 1591 -- Dec. 30, 1591
Clement VIII, Jan. 30, Feb. 9, 1592 -- March 3, 1605
Leo XI, April 1, April 10, 1605 -- April 27, 1605
Paul V, May 16, May 29, 1605 -- Jan. 28, 1621
Gregory XV, Feb. 9, Feb. 14, 1621 -- July 8, 1623
Urban VIII, Aug. 6, Sept. 29, 1623 -- July 29, 1644
Innocent X, Sept. 15, Oct. 4,1644 -- Jan. 7, 1655
Alexander VII, April 7, April 18, 1655 -- May 22, 1667
Clement IX, June 20, June 26, 1667 -- Dec. 9, 1669
Clement X, April 29, May 11, 1670 -- July 22, 1676
Bl. innocent XI, Sept. 21, Oct. 4, 1676 -- Aug. 12, 1689
Alexander VIII, Oct. 6, Oct. 16, 1689 -- Feb. 1, 1691
Innocent XII, July 12, July 15, 1691 -- Sept. 27, 1700
Clement XI, Nov. 23, Nov. 30, Dec. 8, 1700 -- March 19, 1721
Innocent XIII, May 8, May 18, 1721 -- March 7, 1724
Benedict XIII, May 29, June 4, 1724 -- Feb. 21, 1730
Clement XII, July 12, July 16, 1730 -- Feb. 6, 1740
Benedict XIV, Aug. 17, Aug. 22, 1740 -- May 3, 1758
Clement XIII, July 6, July 16, 1758 -- Feb. 2, 1769
Clement XIV, May 19, May 28, June 4, 1769 -- Sept. 22, 1774
Pius VI, Feb. 15, Feb. 22, 1775 -- Aug. 29, 1799
Pius VII, March 14, March 21, 1800 -- Aug. 20, 1823
Leo XII, Sept. 28, Oct. 5, 1823 -- Feb. 10, 1829
Pius VIII, March 31, April 5, 1829 -- Nov. 30, 1830
Gregory XVI, Feb. 2, Feb. 6, 1831 -- June 1,1846
Pius IX, June 16, June 21, 1846 -- Feb. 7, 1878
Leo XIII, Feb. 20, March 3, 1878 -- July 20, 1903
St. Pius X, Aug. 4, Aug. 9, 1903 -- Aug. 20, 1914
made venerable, beatified and finally canonized, on 29 May 1954, by Pius XII.
Benedict XV, Sept. 3, Sept. 6, 1914 -- Jan. 22, 1922
Pius XI, Feb. 6, Feb. 12, 1922 -- Feb. 10, 1939
Pius XII, March 2, March 12, 1939 -- Oct. 9,1958
John XXIII, Oct. 28, Nov. 4, 1958 -- June 3, 1963
Paul VI, June 21, June 30, 1963 -- Aug. 6, 1978
John Paul I, Aug. 26, Sept. 3. 1978, -- Sept. 28, 1978
John Paul II, Oct. 16, Oct. 22, 1978 -- April 2, 2005
Benedict XVI, April 19, April 24, 2005 -- (265th pope)
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